Daniels VDOT

Race pace calculator

Estimate VDOT from a race result and compare equivalent performances.

Starting point

Recent race result

Fitness estimate

VDOT

Equivalent performances

Race predictions

Prediction model
Distancemin / kmTotal time
How predictions are calculated

The calculator uses the Daniels VDOT model. It starts with distance d, in metres, and finish time t, in minutes, to find running speed v, in metres per minute.

v = d / t

VO2 = -4.60 + 0.182258v + 0.000104v2

%VO2max = 0.8 + 0.1894393e-0.012778t + 0.2989558e-0.1932605t

VO2max = VO2 / %VO2max

VDOT = VO2 / %VO2max

VO2 is the estimated oxygen cost of the running speed. The duration equation estimates the sustainable fraction of VO2max; dividing VO2 by that fraction estimates VO2max. In this model, that estimate is reported as VDOT rather than a laboratory VO2max measurement.

For each race prediction, the calculator keeps the selected VDOT and distance fixed, then repeatedly adjusts t until the equations produce that VDOT. Pace is the resulting time divided by distance.

Norwegian Singles Method

Suggested interval paces

Interval pace model
WorkoutReference paceTarget / km

VDOT estimates use Jack Daniels' published oxygen-cost and performance equations. Riegel estimates use a distance-scaling exponent. Race conditions, course profile, and training specificity still matter.